点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生 能源使用潜力研究 1 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 2 主要作者： 张文佺 王晓烨 乔军晶 张 晶 孔维鉴 技术指导专家： 郑竺凌 上海市绿色数据中心专委会 张素芳 华北电力大学经济与管理学院 王秀强《能源》杂志社 评审委员： 李洁 中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所数据中心研究部 王吉凯 工业和信息化部电子第五研究所 丁肇豪 华北电力大学现代电力研究院 鸣谢以下人员给予本报告的帮助 李俊峰 国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心 袁瑛 绿色和平 叶睿琪 绿色和平 王赫 绿色和平 刘宇 工业和信息化部电子技术标准化研究院 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 3 目录 CONTENTS 执行摘要···································································01 01 1.1 1.1.1 中国数据中心用能现状与发展趋势·························02 研究背景介绍···································02 中国信息化的快速发展························02 1.2.3 2019-2023 年中国数据中心的机架总数及能 耗增长预测······································07 1.1.2 中国数据中心的快速发展·····················03 1.1.3 数据中心用能研究目标及方法················03 1.2 中国数据中心能耗现状及趋势···············04 1.2.1 数据中心能耗的构成与主要影响因素·······04 1.3 中国数据中心用能结构与环境影响分析····09 1.3.1 中国电力结构现状·····························09 1.3.2 中国数据中心可再生能源使用情况 及其环境影响···································10 1.2.2 2018 年中国数据中心的机架 及能耗测算······································05 02 2.1 典型重点地区数据中心能耗及用能结构分析··············13 广东···············································14 2.2 上海···············································15 能耗···············································14 2.2.1 能耗···············································15 2.1.3 地方政策·········································15 2.2.3 地方政策·········································17 2.1.1 2.1.2 用能结构·········································14 2.2.2 用能结构·········································16 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 4 2.3 北京···············································17 2.6 贵州···············································21 2.3.1 能耗···············································17 2.6.1 能耗···············································21 2.3.3 地方政策·········································18 2.6.3 地方政策·········································22 2.3.2 用能结构·········································17 2.4 浙江···············································19 2.6.2 用能结构·········································21 2.7 宁夏···············································22 2.4.1 能耗···············································19 2.7.1 能耗···············································22 2.4.3 地方政策·········································19 2.7.3 地方政策·········································23 2.4.2 用能结构·········································19 2.5 内蒙古············································20 2.7.2 用能结构·········································23 2.8 2.5.1 能耗···············································20 总结···············································24 2.5.2 用能结构·········································20 2.5.3 地方政策·········································20 03 3.1 3.1.1 中国数据中心向可再生能源转型的必要性················25 大趋势：减排、向可再生能源转型的趋势··25 中国能源与环境政策要求······················27 减排趋势·········································25 3.3.1 “双控”要求·····································27 数据中心行业能源转型的动力················26 3.4 3.1.2 中国能源转型····································25 3.2 3.3 3.2.1 能源成本驱动企业能源转型··················26 3.2.2 能源转型提升企业品牌························26 3.2.3 能源转型满足客户需求························26 3.3.2 可再生能源电力配额制························27 绿色数据中心标准与可再生能源·············29 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 04 4.1 中国数据中心向可再生能源转型的路径及建议·········30 中国数据中心采购可再生能源的 4.2 自建可再生能源项目···························31 4.2.2 国外采购案例介绍······························33 现有路径及挑战·································30 4.1.1 5 4.1.2 市场化采购可再生能源·························31 4.1.3 采购绿色电力证书······························31 市场化可再生能源采购模式的探索··········32 4.2.1 中国市场化可再生能源采购模式介绍········32 4.3 中国数据中心向可再生能源转型的建议·····34 4.3.1 面向政策制定者的建议·························34 4.3.2 面向企业的建议································35 05 附录：报告说明·················································36 数据的覆盖类型········································36 数据可靠度的评价······································36 数据收集后的预处理···································37 数据敏感性说明·········································37 研究方法论··············································37 数据中心总机架数和总能耗估算、 预测与其他报告的对比情况···························39 一般定义················································40 引用文献···································································41 注释·········································································45 6 点亮绿色云端 中国数据中心能耗与可再生能源使用潜力研究 报告图标目录 表 1 - 2017.12 -2018.12 互联网基础资源对比·················································