ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation: Scoping study on critical minerals supply chains in ASEAN Secretariat hosted by Secretariat funded by © 2023 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is an award-winning independent think tank working to accelerate solutions for a stable climate, sustainable resource management, and fair economies. Our work inspires better decisions and sparks meaningful action to help people and the planet thrive. We shine a light on what can be achieved when governments, businesses, non-profits, and communities come together. IISD’s staff of more than 200 people, plus over 150 associates and consultants, come from across the globe and from many disciplines. With offices in Winnipeg, Geneva, Ottawa, and Toronto, our work affects lives in nearly 100 countries. IISD HEAD OFFICE 111 Lombard Avenue Suite 325 Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3B 0T4 IISD.org  @IISD_news IISD is a registered charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Province of Manitoba and project funding from governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations, the private sector, and individuals. The Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) supports its more than 80 members in advancing their sustainable development goals through effective laws, policies, and regulations for the mining sector. We help governments take action to develop inclusive and gender-equitable practices, optimize financial benefits, support livelihoods, and safeguard the environment. Our work covers the full mining life cycle, from exploration to mine closure, and projects of all sizes, from artisanal mining to large-scale operations. Guided by our members’ needs, we provide in-country assessments, capacity building, technical training, publications, and events to advance best practices, peer learning, and engagement with industry and civil society. The International Institute for Sustainable Development has hosted the IGF Secretariat since October 2015. Core funding is provided by the governments of Canada and the Netherlands. ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation: Scoping study on critical minerals supply chains in ASEAN May 2023 IGFMining.org  linkedin facebook @IGFMining ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation: Scoping study on critical minerals supply chains in ASEAN Acknowledgements The Scoping Study on Critical Minerals Supply Chains in ASEAN was commissioned by the IGF at the request of ASEAN, as part of the activity to implement the ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation Workplan 2022–2024 that supports the implementation of the ASEAN Minerals Cooperation Action Plan 2016-2025 (AMCAP-III) Phase 2: 2021–2025. The main author of the Study is Pavel Bilek, with Isabelle Ramdoo and Murtiani Hendriwardani from the IGF providing substantive contributions and advice throughout the process. Marie Gail de Sagon, Rabiah Al Adawiyah T. Hussein, and Muhammad Indra Wahyudin from the ASEAN Secretariat also provided invaluable support, feedback, recommendations, and contributions throughout the development of the report. The study also benefited from the engagement and support from the ASEAN Senior Officials on Minerals (ASOMM) and its Working Group responsible for Trade and Investment in Minerals (WGTIM). iii ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation: Scoping study on critical minerals supply chains in ASEAN Preface In support of the energy transition and regional growth, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is taking steps to boost its minerals cooperation to develop and promote the region as a sustainable mineral-investment destination. As part of this effort, ASEAN has collaborated with the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) to undertake exploratory research to understand the implications of the energy transition for the ASEAN mineral sector, with a particular focus on the minerals and metals that are critical for the transition. The Scoping Study on Critical Minerals Supply Chains in ASEAN aims to identify enabling policy areas for the development of selected critical minerals value chains to support ASEAN countries