Contents About this report ...................................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 4 Where does the data come from? ........................................................................................... 5 Why PM2.5? .................................................................................................................. 5 Climate change and air pollution............................................................................................... 6 Data presentation .................................................................................................................... 7 Global PM2.5 map .................................................................................................................... 8 2023 Country/region ranking .................................................................................................. 9 2023 World capital city ranking ............................................................................................ 10 Overview of public monitoring status ................................................................................... 11 Regional summaries .............................................................................................................. 12 East Asia ...................................................................................................................... 12 China ......................................................................................................... 13 South Korea .............................................................................................. 14 Southeast Asia ............................................................................................................ 15 Indonesia .................................................................................................. 16 Malaysia ................................................................................................... 17 Thailand ................................................................................................... 18 Vietnam .................................................................................................... 19 Central & South Asia ................................................................................................... 20 Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 21 India ......................................................................................................... 22 Pakistan .................................................................................................. 23 West Asia ..................................................................................................................... 24 Europe ......................................................................................................................... 25 Ukraine ..................................................................................................... 26 Northern America ........................................................................................................ 27 United States ............................................................................................ 28 Latin America & Caribbean ......................................................................................... 29 Brazil ........................................................................................................ 30 Chile .......................................................................................................... 31 Colombia .................................................................................................. 32 Africa ........................................................................................................................... 33 South Africa ............................................................................................. 34 Oceania ...................................................................................................................... 35 Next steps .............................................................................................................................. 36 What can governments do? What can I do? ..............................