CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 分布式能源的 兴起 BY BRANDON OWENS 1 © 2014 通用电气公司。保留所有权利。 未经版权所有人的同意，不得复制或分发本资料的全部或部分内容。 绿色创想 © 2014 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner. 1 CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 分布式能源的兴起 By Brandon Owens 致谢 谨此感谢这篇论文的参与者们。特别要感谢GE的同事：Shefali Patel、 Al Comeaux、Georges Sassine、Michael Farina、David Keefer、Alicia Aponte和Lilly Rong。同时我也要感谢环球企业中心的Peter，他参与这 篇论文的编写并帮助发表。最后，我还要感谢Steve Taub（GE）、Markus Becker（GE）和Peter Fox-Penner（Brattle集团），他们为论文提出了许多有 用的评论和批判。 2 2 © 2014 General Electric Company. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed in whole or in part, without prior permission of the copyright owner. © 2014 通用电气公司。保留所有权利。 未经版权所有人的同意，不得复制或分发本资料的全部或部分内容。 目录 目录 I. 执行摘要 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 II. 分布式能源的变革 .................................................................................................................................. 9 分散世界中的分布式能源................................................................................................................... 10 分布式能源的历史.................................................................................................................................. 12 能源系统的三个演化阶段................................................................................................................... 14 渐进式革命 ................................................................................................................................................. 16 III. 分布式能源的驱动力............................................................................................................................. 19 天然气时代 ................................................................................................................................................. 19 输电面临的问题 ....................................................................................................................................... 20 数字波 ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 恢复力 ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 IV. 分布式能源的前景 .................................................................................................................................. 24 V. 分布式能源的优势 .................................................................................................................................. 28 小即是美 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 电力和发展 ................................................................................................................................................. 28 能源效率和环境效益............................................................................................................................. 30 VI. 举例说明五个国家的分布式能源潜力 ......................................................................................... 31 中国：中国的分布式能源推动力 ................................................................................................... 31 墨西哥：分布式能源和天然气机遇 .............................................................................................. 31 埃及：解决可靠性挑战........................................................................................................................ 32 缅甸：分布式能源岛............................................................................................................................. 32 印度：用分布式能源满足基本需求 .............................................................................................. 33 VII. 结论 ................................................................................................................................................................ 34 VIII. 附录 ................................................................................................................................................................ 35 分布式能源技术 ....................................................................................................................................... 35 往复式发动机 .............................