Net Zero Roadmap A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach 2023 Update INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 13 association countries and beyond. Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org IEA member countries: IEA association countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United States Argentina Brazil China Egypt India Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailand Ukraine The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Foreword The publication of the first Net Zero Roadmap by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in May 2021 was a landmark moment for the energy and climate world, setting out what would need to happen in the global energy sector in the years and decades ahead to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. The interest in the report was huge. The world finally had an authoritative benchmark for what a clear pathway to net zero energy sector CO2 emissions by 2050 would look like – something against which the proliferation of net zero pledges could be compared. The significance of the report was reflected by the massive number of readers it attracted online. It quickly became our most viewed and downloaded publication ever, a sign of the strong demand for clear and unbiased analysis, translating the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement into practical milestones for the global energy sector. Our Roadmap became a reference point for governments, companies, investors and civil society, helping inform discussions and decision-making on pursuing secure, inclusive and affordable transitions to clean energy. Much has happened since its launch two and half years ago: first, the strong and carbonintensive economic recovery from the Covid crisis; then, the global energy crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The negative consequences of these major events include the rise of global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions to a new record in 2022 and increased investment in new fossil fuel projects. However, we have also seen some extremely positive developments, most notably the rapid progress of key clean energy technologies, such as solar PV and electric vehicles, backed by significant policy efforts to advance them further. Recognising the importance of these industries of the future for energy security and economic competitiveness, countries around the world are seeking to boost their clean technology manufacturing capacities, driving a resurgence in industrial policy. Innovation is also accelerating, strengthening the pipeline of technologies that will be needed to complete the world’s journey to net zero. With this in mind, the IEA is therefore providing a 2023 update to our Net Zero Roadmap, drawing on the latest data and analysis to map out what the global energy sector would need to do, especially in the crucial period between now and 2030, to play its part in keeping the 1.5 °C goal in reach. The findings are clear: while the global pathway to net zero by 2050 we mapped out previously has narrowed, it is still achievable. It is too soon to give up on 1.5 °C. And I would like to underscore that net zero by 2050 globally doesn’t mean net zero by 2050 for every country. In our pathway, advanced economies reach net zero sooner to allow emerging and developing economies more time. Foreword 3 IEA. CC BY 4.0. At the same time, the case for climate action is stronger than ever. July 2023 was the hottest month on record – and 2023 as a whol