Global Hydrogen Review 2023 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 13 association countries and beyond. This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org IEA member countries: IEA association countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United States Argentina Brazil China Egypt India Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailand Ukraine The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2023 Abstract Abstract The Global Hydrogen Review is an annual publication by the International Energy Agency that tracks hydrogen production and demand worldwide, as well as progress in critical areas such as infrastructure development, trade, policy, regulation, investments and innovation. The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and is intended to inform energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospects of hydrogen, while also informing discussions at the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting organised by Japan. Focusing on hydrogen’s potentially major role in meeting international energy and climate goals, the Review aims to help decision makers fine-tune strategies to attract investment and facilitate deployment of hydrogen technologies at the same time as creating demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels. It compares real-world developments with the stated ambitions of government and industry. PAGE | 3 I EA. CC BY 4.0. This year’s report includes a focus on demand creation for low-emission hydrogen. Global hydrogen use is increasing, but demand remains so far concentrated in traditional uses in refining and the chemical industry and mostly met by hydrogen produced from unabated fossil fuels. To meet climate ambitions, there is an urgent need to switch hydrogen use in existing applications to low-emission hydrogen and to expand use to new applications in heavy industry or long-distance transport. Global Hydrogen Review 2023 Acknowledgements, contributors and credits Acknowledgements, contributors and credits The Global Hydrogen Review was prepared by the Energy Technology Policy (ETP) Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks (STO) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The study was designed and directed by Timur Gül, Chief Energy Technology Officer and Head of the Energy Technology Policy Division. Uwe Remme (Head of the Hydrogen and Alternative Fuels Unit) and Jose Miguel Bermudez Menendez co-ordinated the analysis and production of the report. Laura Cozzi, Dennis Hesseling, Paolo Frankl, Tim Gould, Keisuke Sadamori, Hiro Sakaguchi, and Araceli Fernandez Pales provided valuable, strategic guidance during the report’s development process. The principal IEA authors and contributors were (in alphabetical order): Praveen Bains (hydrogen-based fuels), Simon Bennett (investment), Leonardo Collina (industry), Elizabeth Connelly (transport), Chiara Delmastro (buildings), Stavroula Evangelopoulou (production and data management), Mathilde Fajardy (CCUS), Alexandre Gouy (industry), Megumi Kotani (policy), Jean-Baptiste Le Marois (innovation), Peter Levi (industry), Rafael Martinez Gordon (buildings), Shane McDonagh (transport), Francesco Pavan (production, trade and infrastructure), Amalia Pizarro (trade, infrastructure and innovation), Noah Sloots (buildings) and Christoph Winkler (production). The development of this report benefitted from contributions provided by the following IEA colleagues: Ana Alcalde Bascones, Carl Greenfield, Ilkka Hannula, Luca Lo Re, Jennifer Ortiz, and Nikoo Tajdolat. Lizzie Sayer edited the manuscript while Liselott F